Permeate, often labeled as dairy product solids, is a high-lactose dairy ingredient produced through the removal of protein and other solids from milk or whey. U.S. whey and milk permeate is highly regarded for its salty flavor enhancement characteristics, making it an ideal replacement for more costly ingredients while maintaining consumer-acceptable flavor. As consumers look to reduce their sodium intake, permeate shows great promise for a wide range of formulations, including bakery, soup, prepared meals and more. In addition, the high lactose in permeate contributes to the browning appearance and pleasant caramelized aroma of baked goods.