Permeate (also called dairy product solids) is a co-product of the production of whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, ultrafiltered milk, milk protein concentrate or milk protein isolate.

In general, 10 to 11 grams of permeate will replace 1 gram of salt, or 3 to 4 grams of delactosed permeate will replace 1gram of salt in a formulation. It is recommended to balance the addition of permeate or delactosed permeate by reducing other macro-ingredients such as flour, fat, eggs, granulated sugar and other carbohydrates. In many instances, a total cost-reduced formula can also be achieved as permeate replaces other more costly ingredients.

In the United States, whey permeate can be listed as "dairy product solids" on your ingredient legend. Dairy product solids is a cost-effective way to add dairy solids to bakery and confectionery products. It can also be used as a salt substitute in some applications.